Gopher

Prior to development of World Wide Web, Gopher was a system that was used to maintain and displaying the files across the servers connected to internet.

In this technique, a Gopher server relays data as a list of files in hierarchical notion. After evolution of World Wide Web, most of the Gopher set ups were transformed into Web Sites. These Web Sites can easily be accessed and searched upon through the search engines operating via internet.

University of Minnesota is the pioneer of developing the world wide web. Two separate techniques/applications namely Jughead and Veronica were used in order to search global indices of resources placed in Gopher Data Set Ups.